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4 Recently, it has been observed that the human erythrocyte GSTP1-1 (e-GST) is overexpressed in the case of increased blood toxicity as it occurs in healthy subjects living in polluted areas and in nephrologic patients under conservative or dialytic therapies
The xenobiotic adaptation in arthropods evolves through multiple mechanisms (Figure 1) [13, 14], including reduced penetration through the cuticle, behavioral avoidance [15, 16], microbiome-mediated detoxification [17-20], enhanced metabolic detoxification [21-25], enhanced sequestration or excretion [13, 19, 26, 27], and target site insensitivity [28-32]
Details of the technique and the examination procedure for LSM have been described previously [15, 16]